Key Terms

Proof Verification

The process of verifying the correctness and integrity of computations or transactions on the network.

Throughput

The rate at which transactions or operations can be processed by a system is often measured in transactions per second (tps).

Aggregated Proof

A method where multiple transactions or proofs are grouped and processed as a batch to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs)

Cryptographic protocols enable one party (the prover) to prove to another party (the verifier) that a statement is true without revealing any additional information beyond the validity of the statement.

Cryptographic Proofs

Mathematical proofs that provide verifiable evidence that certain computational tasks have been performed correctly, without revealing the underlying data.

Long Range Attacks

Attacks where an adversary at- tempts to rewrite a blockchain’s history by creating an alternative chain fork, typically after the unbonding period in PoS networks.

Bitcoin Timestamping

A method of recording block hashes and staking set votes on the Bitcoin blockchain to create tamper-proof checkpoints, enhancing security against long-range attacks.

Rapid Finality

The quick confirmation of transactions in a blockchain network, significantly reducing block times from minutes to seconds.

State Proofs

Cryptographic proofs that confirm the state of data at a given point in time on the blockchain, ensuring its integrity and authenticity.

Extractable One Time Signatures (EOTS)

Cryptographic signatures that reveal the secret key if duplicated across different blocks, ensuring validator accountability.